Relations & coverings of the kidneys

Relations: Each of the kidneys is associated with a different groups of structures-

Right kidney-
Superiorly- The right adrenal gland.
Anteriorly- The right lobe of the liver, the duodenum and the hepatic flexure of the colon.
Posteriorly- The diaphragm, and musoles of the osterior abdominal wall.

Left kidney-
Superiorly- The left adrenal gland
Anteriorly- The spleen, stomach, pancreas, jejunum and splenic flexure of the colon.
Posteriorly- The diaphragm and muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

Coverings of the kidneys:
1. Fibrous capsule- renal capsule that surrounds the kidney.
2. Pernephric fat- A layer of adipose tissue lying outside the renal capsule.
3. Renal fasica- It covers the kidney and the perinephric fat.
4. Paranephric fat- Ti lies outside of the renal fascia. Gross structure of the kidney.